BISWA conducted a study in rural areas of Sambalpur district to understand the aspects in environmental sanitation. The total sample size was of 1600 individual respondents from 40 villages in Maneswar block, Sambalpur district. The study is undertaken to understand the waste disposal practises, both for solid as well as liquid in the rural areas. As per the study the rural people use to dispose their waste water usually in four identified places like drains, streets, collection pits & kitchen gardens. Unfortunately the majority of them used the streets as their choice of place for  waste disposals, as 69.6 % admitted doing so. The next choice for them is the drains, as 20.7 % opted that. Only 8.1 % used their kitchen garden for this waste disposal, whereas the least 1.6 % preferred to use collection pit for this purpose. Similarly it is found that as good as 58.2 % of our rural people use to dump their garbage in the collection pit. It is a fair practice of course. Unfortunately more than one third, to be precise 37.6 %, uses to throw their solid waste on the road sides. Obviously such a practice pollutes the roadsides as well the adjoining atmosphere. Only 2.5 % of our rural people use dust bins to dump their garbage that speaks volumes of our lack of awareness in this matter. Then 1.6 % of our rural people use to burn down their solid waste. That may be good for disposing the garbage but very bad for the air as the smoke coming out of that fire pollutes the adjoining atmosphere. Then only 0.1 % of our rural mass use to throw their garbage in to their nearby drains. That percentage may be found low but that is of course a bad practice, which warrants awareness for them in this matter. Then as low as 0.1 % use to utilise their solid waste in their kitchen garden, which is of course appreciable. It is well understood that the present waste disposal system in solid as well as liquid is leading to environmental pollution. The waste that is laid down on the streets and roads find its way to the nearby source of water and polluting the precious water available from the Mother Earth. It also gives much scope to mosquitoes, flies and insects to spread dreaded diseases like malaria, jaundice and diarrhoea. Another issue is to be intervened, if the solid wastes are segregated and the bio waste is used as compost manure that may add to our agricultural yields. The conclusion arrived from the study may help BISWA to devise and design hygiene education and waste disposal methodologies.